Iyi ni insanganyamatsiko yo “Kwibuka ku nshuro ya 28” jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994. Ibiganiro byo kwibuka muri Komisiyo y’Igihugu Ikorana na UNESCO byabaye kuwa Kane taliki 14 Mata, bihuza abakozi bose b’iyo Komisiyo uretse abari mu zindi gahunda zo kwibuka. Ibiganiro byayobowe n’Umuyobozi w’Ikigo Albert Mutesa, bitangwa na Mukankusi Philomene.

Albert MUTESA, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Komisiyo y’igihugu Ikorana na UNESCO atangiza ibiganiro byo Kwibuka kunshuro ya 28 jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994

Mu ijambo ryo Gutangiza ibiganiro, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu Ikorana na UNESCO, Albert Mutesa, yasobanuye ko kwibuka bigamije kwigira ku mateka kugirango jenoside itazongera kubaho ukundi. Kwibuka kandi bifasha abatari bariho kumenya aho ivangura n’ubuyobozi bubi bishobora kugeza igihugu n’abagituye, bigahindura abantu babi kurusha inyamaswa. Yashimiye abitabiriye ibiganiro, abasaba kubigiramo uruhare no gutanga ubuhamya kubyo babonye cyangwa babayemo.

Philomene Mukankusi yatangiye avuga ko intego y’ikiganiro ari ukwibukiranya amateka yaranze u Rwanda mu bihe bitatu by’ingenzi: igihe abanyarwanda bari bamwe, bunze ubumwe, abakoloni bataraza; igihe abakoloni bagereye mu Rwanda bagacamo ibice abanyarwanda n’ingaruka zabyo ndetse n’igihe ibyadutandukanyaga tubisigiye inyuma,tukubakira kuri “Ndi umunyarwanda”, tugatwaza tukubaka igihugu.

Nkuko yabisobanuye, mbere y’ubukoloni, u Rwanda rwari rutuwe n’imbaga y’inyabutatu ikomoka kuri Kanyarwanda. Bari bunze ubumwe bushingiye ku mitegekere yariho (ingoma ya cyami) ishingiye ku buhake, ku rurimi rumwe, umuco umwe ugizwe n’imigenzo na kirazira, bwubakiye kumyemerere imwe, ku rukundo rw’igihugu bibonagamo kandi bakisangamo bose. Igihugu batabariraga kandi bakitangira kimwe.

Philomene MUKANKUSI, i bumoso, atanga ikiganiro cyo kwibuka.

Mu gihe cy’abakoloni bashenye imiyoborere yariho, basuzuguza ubwami bwavaga ku Mana mu myemerere basanze, banyaga umwami ingoma bamucira ishyanga kuko yanze kubayoboka (demystification). Umwami yari umuntu udasanzwe kuko yavukanaga imbuto, bigatuma yubahwa kuko yagenwaga n’Imana. Ababiligi banyaga abatware basanze babahora ko ari abahutu, batonesha abatutsi ngo ni abanyabwenge. Bafashe abanyarwanda babacamo amoko (race), bashingiye ku burebure bw’imisaya n’amazuru ndetse no ku mubare w’inka batunze. Nyuma aho umwani Mutara III Rudahigwa n’ishyaka rye UNAR basabiye ubwigenge, abakoloni bahinduye umuvuno batonesha abahutu, babakangurira kwigaranzura abatutsi ngo “b’abimukira kandi babakandamije” imyaka myinshi. Muri 1959, ubwo umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yaramaze gutangira i Bujumbura mu Burundi, hatangiye imvururu, bica abatutsi, barabatwikira, batema inka zabo, abantu biganjemo abatutsi barahunga berekeza mu bihugu byibituranyi ndetse n’umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa wari mu butumwa abuzwa kugaruka mu Rwanda.

Ubutegetsi bwa repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri bwashingiye kuri politike y’irondakoko ndetse biba bibi muri repubulika ya kabiri kuko hiyongeyemo n’irondakarere ryakomejwe hazamo n’akazu. Abatutsi bari mu gihugu babujijwe amajyo, abana babo babura amashuri kubera ivangura, ndetse n’ababashije kwiga mu mashuri yigenga no mu bihugu duturanye bimwa imirimo. Ubwo niko bakomeza kwicwa nko muri za 1961-1963-1967 kubera ibitero by’inyenzi ndetse no 1973 ubwo Habyarimana yafataga ubutegetsi. Hishwe ndetse hanameneshwa abatutsi bari mu mashuri no mu mirimo ya leta. Byarakomeje kugeza 1990, Inkotanyi zimaze gutera igihugu, abatusi biswe ibyitso by’inkotanyi barafungwa abandi baricwa, jenoside irageragezwa mu Bigogwe no mu Bugesera; karundura iba 1994 bakora jenoside y’abatutsi.

Ifoto y’urwibutso ya bamwe mu bari bitabiriye ibiganiro byo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 28 jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri CNRU

Inkotanyi zimaze guhagarika jenoside, hashyizweho leta y’ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda, ihuza amashyaka yari mu gihugu atarijanditse muri jenoside. Hatangiye kubakwa ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda, bahuza imbaraga hubakwa u Rwanda buri wese yibonamo kandi ruha abanyarwanda bose amahirwe angana. Ubuyobozi bwakanguriye buri wese kugira uruhare no gutanga ibitekerezo mu miyoborere y’igihugu, yaba ari mu Rwanda cyangwa mu mahanga (umushyikirano). Hashyizweho amategeko arwanya amacakubiri, jenocide n’ingengabitekerezo yayo, yaba mu Itegeko Nshinga (2003, 2015) no mu itegeko rirwanya jenoside (itegeko nimero 59/2018 ryo kuwa 28/08/2018). Hashyizweho gahunda y’inkiko gacaca mu rwego rwo guca umuco wo kudahana no kunga abanyarwanda; gahunda y’uburezi kuri bose mu rwego rwo kurwanya ubujiji; gahunda ya girinka n’ubudehe mu rwego rwo kurwanya ubukene; gahunda yo kurira ku ishuri no guha abana b’inshuke amata mu marerero mu rwego rwo kurwanya igwingira n’imirire mibi byabuza abana kwiga neza; igikoni cy’umudugudu mu kwigisha ababyeyi guha abana indyo yuzuye, umugoroba w’ababyeyi mu rwego rwo kurwanya amakimbirane mu miryango n’ibindi bibazo byagaragara aho batuye, Itorereo ry’igihugu mu rwego rwo kwigisha abana amateka, umuco, indangagaciro na kirazira by’abanyarwanda.
Ibi byose nibyo byabaye ishingiro ry’iterambere u Rwanda rugezeho kandi ridutera ishema ryo kwitwa abanyarwanda. Mukankusi Philomene yarangije avuga ko intambara y’amasasu yarangiye, ubu hasigaye iyo kwikoranabuhanga no mu mbuga nkoranyambaga duhangana n’abapfobya jenoside. Yakanguriye abaraho kujya babasubiza kuri za whatsap na tweeter kuko aribwo buryo bakoresha bapfobya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi.

Habayeho umwanya w’ubuhamya, Umunyamabanga Mukuru Albert MUTESA atubwira uko se yafashwe muri 1963, agafungwa nyuma akaza kwicwa n’ubwo batigeze bamenya urupfu yapfuye. Albert Mutesa kandi yatanze ubuhamya bw’uko yameneshejwe mu ishuri mu 1973 n’uko we n’umubyeyi yarasigaranye n’abavandimwe baje guhunga bakerekeza iyo mu mahanga. Ibyo urupfu se yapfuye baje kumva amakuru yabyo aho hatangiriye amashyaka menshi mu Rwanda, bamwe batangira kwandika no kuvuga uko abatutsi bafunzwe bishwe. Abaraho bamusabye kwandika ubwo buhamya kugirango buzagera kuri benshi no kubazavuka hanyuma.

Philomene MUKANKUSI.